H.F. SANGATI v. R.G. HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA AND ORS.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

R.C. LAHOTI, J. Leave granted in both the S.L.Ps. -.... H.F. Sangati was appointed as Munsif on probation in the Karnataka H Judicial Services vide an order dated 25.6.1991 and was posted as Munsif &

p. 85 Copy page pinpoint

JFMC w.e.f. 16.9.1991. The Administrative Committee of the High Court of A Karnataka in its meeting dated 13.11.1995 considered the question of satisfac- tory completion of the period of probation of the Munsifs appointed during the year 1991. On a review of the confidential records and the remarks based on assessment of their work, the Committee recorded its opinion that the perfonn- ance of the petitioner as a judicial officer was too poor to be considered B satisfactory for his confinnation on the post. Accordingly the Committee rec- ommended to the Full Court that the petitioner be discharged from service. The recommendation so made was considered and accepted by the Full Court in its meeting held on 26.3. 1996.

Kittur Muthappa Hanumanthappa was appointed as Munsif on probation c vide notification dated 7.7.1992 and was posted as Additional Munsif & JFMC w.e.f. 1.9.1992. The initial period of probation of two years was extended by one year w.e.f. 25. 7 .1994. The Administrative Committee of the High Court in its meeting held on 6.2. 1996 considered the question of satisfactory completion of the period of probation of the Munsifs appointed during the year 1992. On a review of the confidential records and the remarks based on assessment of their work as sent by the principal District Judges, the Committee fonned an opinion that the perfonnance of the appellant as a judicial officer was too poor to be considered as satisfactory for his confirmation to the post. The recom- mendation so made was considered and accepted by the Full Court of the High Court on 26.3. 1996. E .... The Registrar General of the High Court made a reference to the State Government whereon the following notification dated 13th May, 1996 was issued:-

"NOTIFICATION F In exercise of the powers conferred by Rule 6(1) of the K.S.C. (Probation) Rules, 1977, I 'Khursheed Alam Khan, Governor of Kamatakahereby order that the following Munsif worlcing at the posts mentioned against their names as hereunder be discharged from serv- ice with innnediate effect, as they are unsuitable to hold the post of G Munsiffs:

Srihuths:

(!) A. Hanumanthappa, J.M.P.C.II Court, Shimoga H

86 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001] 2 S.C.R.

A (2) Sangoti Hanumanthappa Fakirappa, !Ind Additional Munsiff, Belgaum Bhannanna Neyakas Siddappa Majunathaswamy Munsiff and J.M.F.C. Harepanshalli

(Khurshed Alam Khan) B Governor of Karnataka By order and in the name of the -~ Governor of Karnataka

Sd/- c (M.R. Venkataramaiah) Under Secretary to Government, Law Department (Administration-I)"

The two appellants filed two separate writ petitions impugning their discharge from service. A learned single Judge of the High Court of Karnataka D dismissed both the writ petitions by two separate judgments assigning similar reasons. Writ appeals preferred by both the appellants have been dismissed. The appellants have filed these appeals by special leave to this Court.

It was not disputed before the High Court, either before the learned single Judge or before the Division Bench hearing the writ appeals and has also not been disputed before this Court that the two appellants have been discharged from service during the period of probation. It is also an admitted fact that no order was passed declaring the period of probation having been successfully completed and confirming any of the two appellants in service.

F It is also not disputed that the relevant rules governing the period of probation of the appellants are Karnataka Civil Services (Probation) Rules,

1977. The controversy centres around Rule 6, which reads as under:-

"Rule 6 : DISCHARGE OF A PROBATIONER DURING THE PERIOD OF PROBATION : G (I) Notwithstanding anything in rule 5 the appointing authority may at any time during the period of probation, discharge from service a probationer on grounds arising out of the conditions, if any, imposed by the rules or in the order of appointment or on account of his H unsuitability for the service or post; but the order of discharge except

!-1.F. SANGATI v. R.G. l-llGH COURT OF KARNATAKA [R.C. LA!-IOTI, J.] 87 when passed by the Government shall not be given effect to, till it A .l has been submitted to and confirmed by the next higher authority.

(2) An order discharging a probationer under this rule shall indicate the grounds for the discharge but no formal proceeding under the Kamataka Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1957, shall be necessary." B

It is submitted by tl1e learned counsel appearing for K.M. Hanumanthappa, and H.F. Sangati who appeared in-person, that the order of discharge is not an order of discharge simplicitor; it casts stigma on the appellants in as much as it records - " ...... they are unsuitable to hold the post of Mumifs" and. therefore, tl1ey should have been afforded an opportunity of hearing before c passing tl1e impugned orders which having not been done, tl1e impugned order is vitiated for non-compliance with the principles of natural justice. Reliance was placed on a decision of this Court in V.P. Ahuja v. State ofPunjab & Ors., [20001 3 sec 239. D It is well settled by a series of decisions of this Court including the Constitution Bench decision in Purushottam Lal Dhingra v. Union of India, (1958] SCR 828, and 7-Judges Bench decision in Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR (1974) SC 2192, that services of an appointee to a permanent .... post on probation can be terminated or dispensed with during or at the end of the period of probation because the appointee does not acquire any right to hold or continue to hold such a post during the period of probation. In Shamsher Sing h's case it was observed that the period of probation is intended to assess the work of the probationer whether it is satisfactory and whether the appointee is suitable for the post; the competent authority may cume to conclusion that the probationer is unsuitable for the job and hence must be discharged on accour1t of inadequacy for tl1e job or for any temperamental or other similar grounds not involving moral turpitude. No punishment is in- volved in such a situation. Recently, in Dipti Prakash Banerjee v. Satyendra Nath Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Calcutta & Ors., [1999] 3 SCC 60, having reviewed the entire available case law on the issue this Court has held that termination of a probationer's services, if motivated by certain , allegations tentamounting to misconduct but not forming foundation of a -r simple order of termination carurot be termed punitive and hence would be valid. In Satya Narayan Athya v. High Coun of M.P. & Anr., AIR ( 1996) SC 750 the petitioner appointed on probation as a Civil Judge and not confirmed was discharged from service in view of the non- satisfactory nature of the H

88 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [20Ql] 2 S.C.R. A service. This Court held that the High Court was justified in discharging the petitioner from service during the period of probation and it was not necessary that there should have been a charge and an enquhy on his conduct, since the petitioner was only on probation and it was open to the High Court to consider whether he was suitable for confirmation or should be discharged from service. B In the two cases at hand we find the Administrative Committee of the ). High Court having took into consideration all the relevant material and thereafter formed an opinion as to the unsuitability of the two appellants to hold the post of Munsifs, which opinion was communicated to and upheld and c accepted by the Full Court of the High Court. Pursuant thereto, the State Government issued the hnpugned order of discharge from service.

In our opinion the hnpugned order does not cast any stigma on the appellants. All that has been said in the impugned order is that the appellants were nnsuitable to hold the post of Mnnsifs. It is pertinent to note that Rule D 6 contemplates a probationer being discharged from service on one or more of the following grounds : (i) in terms of a condition hnposed by the rules, (ii) in terms of the order of appointment, or (iii) on acconnt of nnsuitability of the appointee for the service or post. Sub-rule 2 of Rule 6 requires an order discharging the probationer to indicate the gronnds for the discharge. It also provides that such indicating of the gronnds for the discharge in the order would not require any formal proceedings under the Karnataka Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1957 being held. The hnpugned order of discharge has been passed in strict compliance with the requirements of Rule 6. It does not cast any stigma on the appellants nor is it punitive. There was, thns, no requirement to comply with the principles of natural justice much Jess to be preceded by any formal procee.dings of enquiry before malting the order.

Reliance by the appellants on the decisions of this Court in V.P. Ahuja is misconceived. In V.P. Ahuja's case the appellant's appointment was ter- minated during the period of probation. One of the recitals of the order was that the appellant "failed in the performance of his duties, administratively and technically". The order was founded on a stigmatic allegation and was, therefore, held pnnitive. The appellant was an employee of a Cooperative Federation in Punjab. The judgment does not refer to the relevant service rules and none have been brought to our notice so as to claim parity of the appellant's case with that of V.P. Ahuja's case. In these appeals, as we have

H.F. SANGATI v. R.G. HIGH COURT OF KARNATAKA [R.C. LAHOTI, J.] 89

already stated, the statutory nile requires the order of discharge to indicate the grounds for the discharge. If the ground for discharge would not have been mentioned in the impugned order, it would have invited ;he criticism of being arbitrary or not satisfying the requirement of the rule. It may be stated that in the High Court, the appellants have' not laid any challenge to the vires of Rule 6. H.F. Sangati, the appellant appearing in-person, made a faint attempt at challenging the vires of sub-rule 2 of Rule 6 above-said but the same was not permitted in the facts and circumstances of the case as such a plea was not raised before the learned Single Judge or the Division Bench of the High Court.

For the foregoing reasons, we find no fault with the view taken by the learned Single Judge and the Division Bench of U1e High Comt. The appeals are devoid of any merit and are dismissed though without any order as to U1c costs.

v.s.s. Appeals dismissed.