Title not extracted — [2007] 8 S.C.R. 689

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

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A KAPADIA, J. I. Mis Aurohill Global Commodities Ltd. has filed an arbitration application herein under Section 11(9) read with Section 11(5) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (the "said Act") for the appointment of arbitrators to settle the dispute between the said company and Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. (PSU). The facts giving rise to this petition briefly are as follows.

2Copy pinpoint2. Petitioner company is based in Cyprus having its offices in Russia and India. Petitioner has been exporting steel products for more than a decade.

3Copy pinpoint3. Vide letter dated 2.3.2005, Mis Sunvijay Rolling and Engineering Ltd., Nagpur placed an order on the petitioner for supply of 5000 MT of Billets. C Accordingly, on 10.3.2005 petitioner forwarded proforma invoice to the said Sunvijay Rolling and Engineering Ltd. for the required quantity of Billets for a total consideration of US $ 22,25,000. Payment was to be made through · irrevocable confirmed-letter of credit ("LC") payable 100% at sight Petitioner's banker was Mis BNP. Subsequently, Mis Sunvijay Rolling and En~ineering D Ltci. informed the petitioner that they prefer to buy the Billets through Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. (respondent herein).

4Copy pinpoint4. On 24.3.2005 a Draft Purchase Order dated 24.3.2005 was issued by Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. which was accepted by the petitioner. It is the.case of the petitioner that the said purchase order was issued as a result of negotiations E ·between the petitioner and Mis M.ST.C. Ltd .. According to the petitioner, this constituted a contract between the parties at Kolkata. The date ofshipment was 15.5.2005 and payment was to be made through irrevocable LC to be opened by First Class Indian Bank. The LC was to be made operative only after receipt of credential report from Dan & Bradstreet. Clauses 19 and 20 of F the Purchase Order read as under:

"19. ARBITRATION:

Any disputes, controversies and/or claims arising out of or relating to this agreement or any modification thereto, or any alleged breach or cancellation thereof, which cannot be settled amicably between G Seller and buyer, shall be settled by arbitration in London,. arid in accordance with rules of arbitration of the _Great Britain arbitration and the award in pursuance thereof shall be binding on the parties.

(emphasis supplied)

H 20. JURISDICTION:

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The competent court under the laws applicable in Great Britain alone A shall have exclusive jurisdiction to decide all matters, disputes and controversies relating to this contract, including arbitration proceedings instituted or to be instituted. The jurisdiction of court will be London."

5Copy pinpoint5. On 29.3.2005 Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. requested Mis Indian Overseas Bank, Kolkata for opening of an irrevocable LC. Accordingly, Mis Indian Overseas B Bank informed the petitioner's bankers that LC has been opened on the request of Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. and that the petitioner was the beneficiary under the LC. The date of expiry of the LC was 5.6.2005. The last date of shipment was 15.5.2005. The LC was to operate only after receiving confirmation from the Opening Rank. C

6Copy pinpoint6. On 20.4.2005 the petitioner's banker confirmed the LC. The LC was payable against presentation of FCR (a receipt of confirmation) of goods at the port of loading.

7Copy pinpoint7. On 10.5.2005 it is allegi::d that the petitioner received the requisite D confirmation on which basis the petitioner prepared the goods for shipment. I -'°i' The goods arrived at the port in Ukraine and a FCR was issued to this effect. The said receipt was presented to the bank along with the documents. However on 13.5.2005 Mis Sunvij!!Y Rolling and Engineering Ltd. addressed a letter to the petitioner to suspend all the dispatches on the LC opened by Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. On the same day, the petitioner informed Mis Sunvijay Rolling E and Engineering Ltd. that it was not possible to suspend the dispatches as the goods were already placed at the port. Mis Sunvijay Rolling and Engineering Ltd. requested the petitioner vide letter dated 23.5.2005 to decrease the price by US $ 50 PMT. The petitioner was further informed that the LC would remain suspended till the petitioner agrees to decrease in the price. The F petitioner refused to reduce the price. On 26.5.2005 the bankers of Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. stated that the LC was inoperative as certain conditions were not satisfied, namely, non execution of the performance guarantee. According to the petitioner herein, there was no such requirement in the alleged contract dated 24.3.2005. G

8Copy pinpoint8. Ultimately, on 31.5.2005 Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. infonned the petitioner that the LC stood cancelled.

9Copy pinpoint9. On 23.8.2006 a legal Notice was given by the petitioner requesting Ml s M.S.T.C. Ltd. to settle the dispute through arbitration before a sole arbitrator. By the said Notice, the petitioner stated that it was aggreable to be governed H

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A by Arbitration and Conciliation Act, I 996 for the purposes of procedural law as the substantive law applicable was the Indian Contract Act. In response to the said Notice, Mis M.S.T.C. stated vide reply dated 19.9.2006 that the alleged contract was non est and that the above Purchase Order did not constitute a valid and binding contract between parties. They contended that the Purchase Order was a draft and that it never became a binding contract B since the conditions preceding did not materialize. M/s M.S.T.C. Ltd. further contended that there was no concluded contract, much less an agreement to arbitration. _However, without prejudice to the aforestated contentions, Mis M.S.T.<;. Ltd., in its reply, stated that if the petitioner insisted on arbitration y~ 'then it had no option but to concur in principle to be guided by the said C Act for the purpose of procedural law as well as the substantive law, namely, the Indian Contract Act. One of the contentions raised on behalf of the , I== petitioner herein is that vide letter dated 19.9.2006 Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. had waived its option to be governed by the Rules of Arbitration of Great Britain I as mentioned in clause 19, quoted above.

D I 0. By way of counter, Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. submitttd that the arbitration ~ petition was not maintainable as it was based on an alleged contract, which, in any event, was non est as it did not constitute and as it did not acquire the character of a valid and binding contract between the parties. According y l \:= to Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. the Draft Purchase Order on which the petitioner has made its claim was a provisional one and never matured in terms of a binding t or conclusive contract and since there was no contract there was no arbitration agreement and,_ therefore, the present petition was misconceived and ~ inappr~priate. According to Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. the Draft Purchase Order ~ l- cannot be vested with the trapping of a binding or .conclusive contract and, therefore, the said Order did-not constitute an arbitration agreement. It was further submitted by M/s M.S.T.C. Ltd. that, in any event, this Court cannot appoint an arbitrator of its own choice as the ·arbitration clause itself states that all disputes and/or claims arising out of the agreement for alleged breach shall be settled by arbitration in London and in accordance with the rules of arbitration of Great Britain.

G I I. Two questions arise for determination. Firstly, whether the question as to whether the Draft Purchase Order constituted a concluded contract and/ or whether such contract was non est could be decided by me in this petition in which the petitioner has sought the appointment of an arbitrator.

12. In the case of Bhatia International v. Bulk Trading S.A. and Anr., H

AUROHILLGLOBALCOMMODITIES LTD. v. M.S.T.C. LTD. [KAPADIA,J.) 695

reported in [2002] 4 SCC I 05 this Court held that provisions of Part I of the A Arbitratior.o and Conciliation Act, 1996 are equally applicable to international commercial arbitration ("ICC") held outside India, unless any or all the provisions have been excluded by an agreement between the parties, expressly or by implication, therefore, where arbitration is to be carried out as per rules of ICC, parties can deviate only to the extent permissible.

13. In the present case, Mis Aurohill Global Commodities Ltd. has filed this petition under Section l I(9) read with Section 11(5) of the said Act. Section I I falls in Part I. The alleged contract is an international transaction, therefore, this Court has the power to appoint an arbitrator in accordance with the terms of the contract. Under the said Act, the arbitral tribunal has very C wide powers. The powers of the courts have been curtailed. The arbitral tribunal's authority under Section 16 of the said Act is not confined to the width of its jurisdiction but goes to the very root of its jurisdiction [see: Secur Industries Ltd. v. Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd. and Anr., [2004] 3 SCC 447]. In the present case, therefore, the question as to whether the Draft Purchase Order acquired the character of a concluded contract or not and the question D ....... as to whether the contract was non est can only be decided by the arbitrator. Therefore, the aforestated question have got to be decided by arbitration proceedings. In my view, therefore, there is no merit in the contention advanced on behalf of Mis M.S. T.C. Ltd. that the arbitration petition was misconceived and not maintainable in law. Before concluding on this point, one of the E objections raised on behalf of Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. was that, in any event, the arbitration proceedings were not maintainable on account of non-joinder of Mis Sunvijay Rolling and Engineering Ltd., who was the ultimate buyer. In my view, the objection was also required to be raised by Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. before the arbitrator. Therefore, on the first issue, I am of the view that the arbitration petition was maintainable under the said Act. F

14. The second question which arises for determination in the present case is whether by virtue of reply dated 19.9.1996 to the legal notice given by the petitioner, Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. could be said to have waived its ri<>ht to claim holding of arbitration proceedings in accordance with the Brit~h Rules of Arbitration as mentioned in clause 19, quoted above. To recapitulate, G on 23.8.2006 a legal notice was given by the Advocate for the petitioner to M.S.T.C. Ltd .. After stating of the facts and submission, petitioner requested Mis M.S.T.C. Ltd. to give its consent for settlement of disputes throu<>h arbitration befor~ a ~ole arbitrator. By the said legal notice, petitioner propos:d t~e place of arb1trat10n at New Delhi instead of London. By the said Notice, H

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A the petitioner stated that it was agreeable to be governed by the said Act so far as the procedural law is concerned. According to the petitioner, vide letter dated 19.9.2006 addressed by the Advocate for M/s M.S.T.C. Ltd., the respondent agreed in principle to be guided by the said Act so far as the procedural law was governed and this letter, therefore, constituted waiver on t~:,.. B the part of M/s M.S.T.C. Ltd. to be governed by the British Rules of Arbitration as mentioned in clause 19, quoted above. There is no merit in the contention advanced on behalfof the petitioner. The letter dated 19.9 .2006 addressed by the Advocate for M/s M.S. T.C. Ltd. concurred only in principle to the offer made by the petitioner to be guided by the said 1996 Act so far as the procedural law is .concerned. Further, it cannot constitute a waiver because it is a without prejudice concurrence. In the circumstances, the parties shall abide by the terms of the alleged contract. Moreover, it is well settled that parties have to stand by the terms of the contract. We have before us an international transaction. Petitioner is a company registered in Cyprus. The parties entered into the alleged contract with open eyes. They agreed to settle their disputes by arbitration in London and in accordance with the rules of arbitration of Great Britain. (emphasis supplied by me). Moreover, vide clause 20 of the alleged contract the parties argued that the competent court in Great Britain alone shall have exclusive jurisdiction to decide all matters including arbitration proceedings to be instituted. Reading clauses 19 and 20 conjointly, it is clear that the procedural law application to the arbitration proceedings had to be the British Rules of Arbitration. In the circumstances, it is not possible for this Court to substitute the British Rules of Arbitration by the procedural law under the said 1996 Act.

15. Accordingly, I hold that the question as to whether there existed a concluded contract, the question as to whether the alleged contract was non est and the question as to whether M/s Sunvijay Rolling and Engineering Ltd. was necessary and proper party are all questions to be decided in the arbitration proceedings and, to that .extent, this petition is maintainable under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. However, as stated above, there is no waiver of the British Rules of Arbitration and, therefore, the parties are bound by the terms of the arbitration clause no. 19 quoted hereinabove.

16. Accordingly, the arbitration petition stands disposed of with no order as to costs.

K.KT. Arbitration Petition disposed of.