NIKHIL KANCHANALA LVAKHARIA -1 - v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA AND ANOTHER

E The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

DALVEER BHANDARI, J. 1. This batch of appeals in- volve the similar issue, therefore, all these appeals are dis- posed-of by this· common judgment. For the sake of conve- nience, the facts of Civil Appeal No. 4210 of 2006 are recapitu- )(

F lated.

2Copy pinpoint2. This statutory appeal under section 15Z of the Securi- ties and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act") is directed against the order dated 121h May, G 2006 passed by the Securities Appellate Tribunal, Mumbai in Appeal No.221 of 2004. •

3Copy pinpoint3. The impugned order is a one line order which makes a reference to the detailed order passed on 12111 May, 2006 in a companion matter being Appeal No.211 of 2004 titled as H • ~

NIKHIL KANCHANALA LVAKHARIA v. SECURITIES 949 AND BOARD OF INDIAAND ANOTHER [DALVEER BHANDARI, J.]

Kamlesh Raman/al Shah v. SEBI and Another. A

4Copy pinpoint4. The question which calls for adjudication in this case is regarding "fee continuity benefit". Under the SEBI (Stock Bro- kers and Sub-Brokers) Regulations, 1992 (for short "the Regu- lations") a fee is required to be paid by the stock brokers. B Broadly, the fee was structured in two distinct phases. In the first five years of operation of a broker, the quantum of the fee was linked to the turnover of the stock broker. Greater the turn- over, higher the fee.

5Copy pinpoint5. The second phase comprised blocks of five years from c the sixth financial year after the grant of initial registration. Dur- ing each block period of five years, the stock broker was re- quired to pay a flat rate of Rs.5000/- in order to keep the regis- tration in force. The flat fee had no link to the turnover.

- 6. The appellant claims that whenever the event of trans- D mission occurs within five years, they should be given the fee continuity benefit and should not be made to pay the turnover basis fee for the remainder of initial period of five years. The appellant is claiming that on account of transmission, since the business and trade continues in the same name or entity and E the Stock Exchange permits continuation of the same member- ship under the same number and clearing code, they should also be given the benefit under the same registration of the earlier Stock-Broker and thus grant the benefit of fee continuity.

7Copy pinpoint7. According to the appellant, the present case involves a F situation where at all material times the stock broking firm was a partnership firm carrying on business in the name and style of M/s. Kanchanlal & Sons. The appellant along with his son, wife and daughter-in-law constituted a partnership firm. Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia because of his ill health decided to nomi- G nate the appellant in his place as a member of Stock Exchange,, Mumbai (respondent no.2). The appellant claimed that he is 'CJ.' partner of Mis. Kanchanlal & Sons and, therefore, now the Se~ curity Exchange Board of India (for short SEBI) should give the benefit of fee continuity as for the first five years they have.al- H

p. 950

A ready been charged from the partnership on a turnover basis, therefore, they must now charge on a flat rate of Rs.5000/- per annum for the registration. The appellant claims on account of transmission since the business and trade continued in the same name or entity and the stock exchange permits continuation of the same membership under the same number and clearing code. They should also be given the benefit under the same registration of the earlier stock broker and the benefit of fee continuity.

8Copy pinpoint8. Mr. Altaf Ahmed, learned senior counsel appearing for the SEBI submitted that there is no provision in the SEBI Act, Rules and/or Regulations of the SEBI in this behalf which recog- nizes the registration of stock-brokers by inheritance and/or trans- mission for the purpose of granting fee continuity benefit. The appellant who is son of Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia on trans- 0 . mission can be registered only as a new stock broker with SEBI . ' in accordance with the Act. Regulations and the SEBI (Stock- Brokers and Sub-Brokers) Rules, 1992 (for short "the Rules") and subject to payment of registration fee for a new stock-broker as - per the schedule fixed in the Regulations. He further submitted that there is no provision for grant of fee continuity benefit in cases of such transmission. The only situation under which fee continu- ity benefit is granted is under para 4 of Schedule Ill under Regu- lation 10 of the Regulations, which reads thus: "4. Where a corporate entity has been formed by converting the individual or partnership membership card of the exchange, such corporate entity shall be exempted from payment of fee for the period for which the erstwhile individual or partnership member, as the case may be, has already paid the fees subject to the condition that the erstwhile individual or partner shall be the wholetime Director of the corporate member so converted and such Director will continue to hold minimum 40% shares of the paid-up equity capital of the corporate entity for a period of at least three years from the date of such conversion.

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NIKHILKANCHANALALVAKHARIAv. SECURITIES 951 AND BOARD OF INDIAAND ANOTHER [DALVEER BHANDARI, J.]

Explanation.-lt is clarified that the conversion of individual A or partnership membership card of the exchange into corporate entity shall be deemed to be in continuation of the old entity and no fee shall be collected again from the converted corporate entity for the period for which the erstwhile entity has paid the fee as per the regulations." B

9Copy pinpoint9. Mr. Ahmed further contended that it was an incentive for corporatisation since a corporate entity is required to maintain all records under law and as such it facilitates regulating of the stock brokers. Under no other circumstances fee continuity ben- efit is available under the statutory regulations and hence the appellant cannot be granted benefit offee continuity on account of transmission.

10Copy pinpoint10. Mr. Ahmed also submitted that every stock-broker who wants to deal in securities in the securities market is required to be a member of a stock exchange and then get himself reg- istered with SEBI under section 12 of the Act in accordance with the procedure as provided in the Regulations subject to the payment of registration fee for a new stock-broker under rule 4 of the Rules and Regulation 10 of the Regulations on the rates mentioned in Schedule-Ill. E Rule 4 of the Rules reads thus: "4. Conditions for grant of ceniiicate to stock- broker.- The Board may grant a certificate to a stock- broker subject to the following conditions namely:- F (a) he holds the membership of any stock exchange; (b) he shall abide by the rules, regulations and bye-laws of the stock exchange or stock exchanges of which he is a member; G (c) in case of any change in the status and constitution, the stock-broker shall obtain prior permission of the Board to continue to buy, sell or deal in securities in any stock exchange; H

p. 952

A (d) he shall pay the amount of fees for registration in the manner provided in the regulations; and

(e) he shall take adequate steps for redressal of grievances of the investors within one month of the date of the receipt of the complaint and keep the B Board informed about the number, nature and other particulars of the complaints received from such investors."

Regulation 10 of the Regulations reads thus: c "10. Payment of fees and the consequences of failure to pay fees.- (1) Every applicant eligible for grant of a certificate shall pay such fees and in such manner as specified in Schedule Ill;

Provided that the Board may on sufficient cause being shown permit the stock-broker to pay such fees at any time before the expiry of six months from the date on which such fees become due.

(2) Where a stock-broker fails to pay the fees as provided in regulation 10, the Board may suspend the registration certificate, whereupon the stock-broker shall cease to buy, sell or deal in securities as a stock-broker.

11Copy pinpoint11. Mr. Ahmed contended that in order to become a mem- ber of the stock exchange, the person is required to be quali- F tied as per rule 8 of the Securities Contracts (Regulations) Rules,

1957. This right is also not inheritable, since every person on transmission may not even be qualified to become a member of a particular stock exchange. It is pertinent to mention here that membership of a stock exchange is a privilege and not a G matter of right and thus this cannot be claimed as inheritable.

12Copy pinpoint12. Mr. Ahmed also contended ihat SEBI has no discre- tion in implementation of the Act, Rules or Regulations and has to strictly adhere to the provisions as laid down and, therefore, has no power to waive the said requirement. It may also be

NIKHIL KANCHANALA LVAKHARIA v. SECURITIES 953 AND BOARD OF INDIAAND ANOTHER [DALVEER BHANDARI, J.]

relevant to mention that out of the 19 stock brokers who prayed for waiver of the fresh registration or new entities upon trans- mission, only 9 or 10 have come to challenge the same before this court and balance have accepted the judgment of the learned Tribunal.

13Copy pinpoint13. Mr. Ahmed further submitted that the SEBI has applied the turnover regime for the period 1992-93 to 1996-97 and, therefore, charged on the flat rate basis. Clause 1(1 )(c) of Sched- ule Ill of the Regulations reads thus:

"after the expiry of five financial years from the date of c initial registration as a stock-broker, he shall pay a sum of rupees five thousand for every block of five financial years commencing from the sixth financial year after the date of grant of initial registration to keep his registration in force."

14Copy pinpoint14. Learned senior counsel also submitted that, under sec- D tion 12 of the Act, no person can deal in securities in the secu- rities market without being registered with the SEBI. In the present case, admittedly, Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia, father of the appellant, was a member of the stock exchange and not the firm M/s. Kanchanlal & Sons. Ordinarily, if M/s. E Kanchanlal & Sons is not a member of the stock exchange, the firm would not be entitled to deal with securities in securities market in the Bombay Stock Exchange. The Bombay Stock Exchange does not enroll partnership firm as members. As such, Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia alone was the member of the stock exchange and he alone was thus entitled to deal in securities in the Bombay Stock Exchange. However, under rule · 179 of the Bombay Stock Exchange Rules, an individual mem- ber can do business in partnership With certain categorized re- lations and, therefore, the Bombay Stock Exchange permits trading by the individual in.the name of the partnership firm. Rule 179 of the Bo.mbay Stock Exchange reads thus: "179. No partnership shall be formec;l except- (i) . between two or more members of the Exchange; or H

954 . SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2008) 8 S.C.R.

A (ii) between a member of the Exchange and his father or mother or wife or his son or sons or daughter or .- daughter-in-law or daughters-in-law or father's brother or brothers or unmarried sister or sisters or brother's or brother's son or sons; or B (iii) between two or more members of the Exct-iange and their father, mothers or wives or son or sons or daughter or daughters or daughter-in-law or daughters-in-law or brother or brothers or father's brother or brothers or unmarried sister or sisters or c brother's or brothers' son or sons;

Provided that a son or daughter or son's son or brother or father's brother or unmarried sister of brother's shall not be taken into partnership unless he or she be in all respects eligible for membership of the Exchange." D

15Copy pinpoint15. It was contended by Mr. Ahmed that Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia alone was a member and through his partnership, the entire partnership firm was allowed to trade on the Bombay Stock Exchange, the entire turnover of trade on the E Bombay Stock Exchange is relatable to the individual member Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia as otherwise the partnership firm and non-member partners would not have been able to deal in securities on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Consequently, this partnership firm could also not deal with securities unless F the member of the stock exchange namely the individual mem- ber Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia gets registered with SEBI. It is through that individual member Late Shri K. Vakharia that the partnership firm and registered partners are able to deal in securities on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Even otherwise, G' the entire turnover of the partnership firm on the stock exchange is on securities and, therefore, relatable to the registered mem- ber i.e. Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia under whose mem- bership of Bombay Stock Exchange and registration of SEBI, such trading is permitted.

16Copy pinpoint16. It was also submitted on behalf of the SEBI that the

NIKHIL KANCHANALA LVAKHARIA v. SECURITIES 955 AND BOARD OF INDIAAND ANOTHER [DALVEER BHANDARI, J.] ... '" appellant wants only his turnover to be considered as a mem- A ber of the Exchange and the other partners being non-member partners want to be outside the purview of the registration of the SEBI since they cannot be registered but at the same time want to deal in securities on the exchange under the membership and registration of Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia. B

17Copy pinpoint17. According. to the learned counsel for the SEBI, the en- .. tire dealing in securities by the non-member partners would be illegal and contrary to section 12 of the Act and liable to all such consequences in law. In fact, if the stand taken is correct then the partnership firm is also the non-member partnership and c cannot deal in securities but are dealing in securities in breach of law.

18Copy pinpoint18. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties at • .length and carefully analysed the provisions of the Act, Rules D ·, C\nd Regulations. By clear interpretation of the Regulations, it is .. abundantly clear that no provision of succession to registration is permissible. Nikhil K.Vakharia son of Late Shri Kanchanlal K. Vakharia in order to operate in the stock exchange has to obtain a fresh registration from the SEBI and for the first five years, he would be required to pay the quantum of fee linked to the turnover and thereafter at the flat rate of Rs.5000/- in order to keep the registration in force. ~

19Copy pinpoint19. In view of the provisions of the Act, Rules and Regula- ':1 tions, we have no difficulty in arriving at the conclusion that the appeal is devoid of ~my merit and is accordingly dismissed. CIVIL APPEAL Nos.2951, 3004, 3008, 3009, 3010, 3015, 3016, 3017, 3058, 3082 of 2006.

20Copy pinpoint20. In view of our decision in Civil Appeai No.4210 of 2006, G these appeals also stand disposed of accordingly. ' •

21Copy pinpoint21. In the facts and circumstances of the case, we direct the parties in all the appeals to bear their own costs. R.P. Appeals dismissed. H