V.R. KATARKI v. STATE OF KARNATAKA AND ORS.

F The following Order of the Court was delivered:

ORDER

The appellant was a Civil Judge in the Karnataka Judicial Service and was posted at Bagalkot in the district of Bijapur. Some time after G 1979, acquisition proceedings under Central Act 1 of 1894 for the purposes of Upper Krishna Project which was being funded by the World Bank had been undertaken and references under section 18 of the Act were pending which came to adjudicated upon by the appel- lant. On the basis of information reaching the High Court of several irregularities therein, disciplinary proceedings were initiated against .• H the appellant with many allegations but the main ones with which we

V.R. KATARKI v. STATE OF KARNATAKA 3

1 are concerned are: (I) notwithstanding the provision contained in section 82 of the Code of Gvil Procedure that decrees against the State A were not available to be executed for 90 days from the date of making of the decree; steps were taken to enforce the Awards by writing letters to the Land Acquisition Officer; (2) higher valuation then was legitimate of the lands were fixed by the appellant;(3) printed order- sheets other than those provided at the cost of the State to be used in B judicial proceedings were used in the land acquisition cases where apart from indicating the name of the Court of the appellant counsel's name was also printed. Apart from these three charges, several other charges including one which indicated that he had purchased a pump- -i set and its accessories costing above Rs.1,000 without prior permission of the appropriate authority were also levelled. Ultimately he has been dismissed from service and challenge to the dismissal has been rejected c by the High Court on the judicial side.

We have heard learned counsel appearing in support of the appeal at length. He has taken us through the charges including the statements of fact and the report of the Inquiry Authority and some other materials appearing on the record. So far as the valuation aspect .. is concerned, we find that out of 17 matters involved where higher valuation had been given, in three matters the State had gone on appeal but no challenge in the memorandum of appeal was raised on the plea of higher valuation. Three appeals have already been dismis- sed and the Court's awards have been confirmed. In regard to the remaining cases we have been told at the Bar that the appeals have been disposed of with modification of the valuation. Fixation of valua- lion was a judicial act of the appellant. We would like to make a special mention of the position that even if the assessment of valuation is modified or affirmed in appeal as a part of the judicial process, the conduct of the judicial officer drawable from an overall picture of the matter would yet be available to the looked into. In appropriate cases it may open to draw inferences even from judicial acts but in the present case when challenge was not raised in three of the appeals and only subsequently challenge came to be raised when matter was noticed, there is some scope for the appellant's stand being accepted that there was a mistake and no ill motive and he is entitled to the benefit of doubt.

So far as the letter of request issued to the Land Acquisition Officer before the expiry of three months for depositing the awarded ... money on the references, counsel for the appellant has explained that the land owners had been waiting too Jong to be paid the compensation II

4 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 1990] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

A and in his anxiety to have their demands satisfied, the appellant ~ ·. thought it appropriate to request for collection of the compensation money lying in the hands of the Land Acquisition Officer. According to him, it may be an indiscrete act but there was really no ill motive behind appellant's action and he should not, therefore, be punished. The explanation seems to be too simple to be accepted but counsel's B stand cannot be totally ignored. It was really open to the Government or the Land Acquisition Officer not to respond to the court by pointing out the bar under section 82 of the Code of Civil Procedure. We have been told at the Bar by learned Advocate General who appeared in support of the respondents' stand that the Land Acquisition Officer had perhaps been a consenting party to the act of favourable response to the notice but that aspect is not relevant for the purpose of disposing c of the appeal. On the materials placed before us, we do not think that the appellant acted innocently.

Now we come to the question of use of the printed order sheets it is not disputed that order sheets are made available in the prescribed form for use in court and there was no particular necessity for the appellant to have used the ordersheets got printed by Advocate Shri M. C. Yettinamata. It has been alleged in support of the charge that this particular advocate belongs to the appellant's district and con- centrated his practice in the court of the appellant when he got trans- ferred to Bagalkor. The allegation smacks of some motive and we can take note of the feature that human nature being what it is, there is some anxiety to encourage the local people. In the present case the High Court was right in relying upon this aspect of the charge. Accept- ing the position that the appellant had acted indiscretely when allow- ing such order sheets to be used, the High Court rightly found against the appellant. F Learned Advocate General has fairly told us that the appellant possessed about 43 acres of agricultural land and, therefore, he agreed that no serious view may be taken that the appellant had purchased a pump-set which cost above one thousand rupees without prior permis- sion of the prescribed authority. We agree with the learned Advocate G General.

The question for consideration now, therefore, is while the find- ing that the appellant was guilty in terms of the charges found should

H the appellant have been dismissed from service. Ordinarily, justifica- tion of the quantum of punishment imposed in a disciplinary action is l)Ot for the court to decide the there have been occasions when this ..

V.R. KATARKI v. STATE OF KARNATAKA 5

Court has taken interference by the High Courts on quantum of punishment as an act in excess of jurisdiction. While we are cognizant of that fact, keeping the residue of the charges in view, we are inclined to hold that dismissal of the appellant from service was out of propor- tion and compulory retirement would meet the ends of justice. We accordingly direct that in place of dismissal, the appellant shall be taken to have been compulsorily retired from service from the date when dismissal became operative. The appeal fails and is diSmissed. No costs. · j We would add that it is of paramount importance that judicial officers must act above board and keep the diannel of justice clean. Confidence of the litigating parties in the system is the very foundation of the system and nothing should be done which would affect that.

N.P.V. Appeal dismissed.

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